Data Planet provides easy access to an extensive repository of standardized and structured statistical data. The Data Planet repository contains more than 35 billion data points from more than 70 source organizations.
DASL (pronounced "dazzle") provides data from a wide variety of topics so that statistics teachers can find interesting, real-world examples for their students.
KDnuggets™ is a leading site on AI, Analytics, Big Data, Data Mining, Data Science, and Machine Learning. This site provides links to numerous repositories of data, organized into categories.
"A collection of free datasets from Microsoft Research to advance state-of-the-art research in areas such as natural language processing, computer vision, and domain specific sciences."
Repository on Machine Learning where you can find around 450 data sets. It has categorized the data sets based on the type of problem you want to solve like Regression, Classification, Clustering, etc.
"The UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) is the official and trusted source of internationally-comparable data on education, science, culture and communication. As the official statistical agency of UNESCO, the UIS produces a wide range of indicators in UNESCO’s fields of action by working with national statistical offices, line ministries and other statistical organizations."